本帖最后由 大鸟 于 2012-3-3 16:31 编辑
- 为什么不使用nginx+php(fastcgi)作为生产环境?
- php(fastcgi)不够稳定,容易出现50x错误,在生成相对复杂的页面时没有优势,长时间占用也会使php-cgi进程死去.
- 在安全性,多用户多站点的权限问题比较严重.php(fastcgi)在应对多用户多站点往往捉襟见肘,不易于实施.
- 整合其他语言,apache表现得游刃有余.资源利用恰到好处.
- 为什么采用nginx做前端,apache作为后端的方案?nginx在处理静态内容上较apache是几倍或几十倍的差异,因而放在前面过滤静态内容是最为恰当的.同时nginx也是一个负载均衡器,低资源消耗,高性能转发是它的特点.经过nginx在前面的过滤,后端的apache需要处理的内容相对就比较少了.只需负责处理动态内容就可以了.在性能与稳定性的权衡下,使用nginx+apache搭配会让它们在各自擅长的领域展现自身的价值.
复制代码 谈到Linux下的web生产环境,大家就会想到apache这个开源服务器软件.apache可以整合大多数应用,比如jsp,php,cgi,python等等,但是apache过于臃肿以及对静态文件响应过于缓慢让很多使用者感到头疼.而nginx作为新崛起的服务器软件,在很多方面超出apache,定位也很明确:高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器.因而,本篇主要讲的是nginx作为前端,apache作为后端的应用环境搭建过程.
本教程以CentOS 5.4 32bit为环境.理论上适合其他Linux发行版本请自行测试.nginx,php,apache,mysql,pureftpd均为最新稳定版.
获取操作系统源更新.
yum update
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ bison patch unzip mlocate flex wget automake autoconf gd cpp gettext readline-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers nss_ldap expat-devel libtool libtool-ltdl-devel
如果系统默认安装了apache,请先卸载.执行:
yum remove httpd
下载最新稳定版的程序源码包,以下都是到官方网站或sourceforge下载的源码包
(64位用户或部分连接失效请谷歌自行搜索适合的包!).
cd /usr/local/src
- wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
- wget http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz
- wget http://stderr.net/apache/rpaf/download/mod_rpaf-0.6.tar.gz
- wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
- wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2/download
- wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz/download
- wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2/download
- wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
- wget http://www.lancs.ac.uk/~steveb/patches/php-mail-header-patch/php5-mail-header.patch
- wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
- wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
- wget ftp://ftp.imagemagick.org/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
- wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
- wget http://download.suhosin.org/suhosin-0.9.29.tgz
- wget http://downloads2.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz
- wget http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
- wget http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz
- wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.4.tar.gz
- wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.01/pcre-8.01.tar.gz/download
- wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
- wget http://download.pureftpd.org/pub/pure-ftpd/releases/pure-ftpd-1.0.28.tar.gz
复制代码
一.安装Mysql.安装最新稳定版5.1.45版本,并没有采用最新开发版.
groupadd mysql -g 27
useradd mysql -u 27 -g 27 -c "MySQL Server" -d /var/lib/mysql -m
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-unix-socket-path=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --with-mysqld-user=mysql --enable-assembler --enable-thread-safe-client --with-extra-charsets=all --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innodb_plugin,myisam,myisammrg
make && make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod u+x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_config
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root
service mysql restart
service mysql stop
二.编译安装apache(httpd).apache的执行用户为nobody.
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxf httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.15
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-headers --enable-mime-magic --enable-proxy --enable-rewrite --enable-ssl --enable-suexec --disable-userdir --with-included-apr --with-mpm=prefork --with-ssl=/usr --with-suexec-caller=nobody --with-suexec-docroot=/ --with-suexec-gidmin=100 --with-suexec-logfile=/usr/local/apache/logs/suexec_log --with-suexec-uidmin=100 --with-suexec-userdir=public_html
make
make install
mkdir /usr/local/apache/domlogs
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
1.编辑/etc/init.d/httpd,在首行#!/bin/sh下添加:
# Startup script for the Apache Web Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid
# config: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ulimit -n 1024
ulimit -n 4096
ulimit -n 8192
ulimit -n 16384
ulimit -n 32768
保存退出.
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